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Koelreuteria
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| Other Names for this Plant |
Pride of India, varnish tree, China tree
Native to eastern Asia, in China, and Korea.
It is a small to medium-sized deciduous tree growing to 17 m tall, with a broad, dome-shaped crown.
flowers & legumens in the top of a tree in São Paulo BrazilThe leaves are pinnate, 15-40 cm (rarely to 50 cm) long, with 7-15 leaflets 3-8 cm long, with a deeply serrated margin; the larger leaflets at the mid-point of the leaf are sometimes themselves pinnate but the leaves are not consistently fully bipinnate as in the related Koelreuteria bipinnata.
The flowers are yellow, with four petals, growing in large terminal panicles 20-40 cm long. The fruit is a three-parted inflated bladderlike pod 3-6 cm long and 2-4 cm broad, green ripening orange to pink in autumn, containing several dark brown to black seeds 5-8 mm diameter. There are two varieties:
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Soapberry Order |
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Main, Real, Two First-Leaves (Dicots) |
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Real, Two First-Leaves (Dicots) |
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Half Capsule Seed Division |
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Magnolia Division |
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Seed Plants |
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Multiple Spore Sub-Kingdom |
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Multicellular Land Plants |
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Cells with a Nucleus |
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Medicinal Uses: The flowers are ophthalmic. They are used in the treatment of conjunctivitis and epiphora
Food Uses: The seeds are edible when roasted, but not commonly consumed
Other Notes: In some areas, notably the eastern United States and particularly in Florida, it is considered an invasive species.
yellow dye is obtained from the flowers. A black dye is obtained from the leaves. The seeds are used as beads in necklaces etc
Cultivation details: Succeeds in any good loamy soil and in dry soils. Prefers a sunny sheltered position. A wind resistant plant, but it does not like salt-laden winds. Tolerates atmospheric pollution. This species is hardy to about -10°c when fully dormant, though the young growth in spring can be damaged by late frosts. Grows best in areas with long hot summers, it is fast growing in such conditions. A short-lived tree. A good bee plant. Plants are susceptible to coral spot fungus, especially if the wood is not properly ripened due to insufficient summer heat. This species is notably resistant to honey fungus.
Propagation:The seed requires a period of cold stratification. It is probably best sown as soon as it is ripe in a cold frame. Pre-soak stored seed for 24 hours in warm water. If it swells up then sow it in a cold frame. If it does not swell then soak it for a further 24 hours in hot water prior to sowing. This should cause the seed to swell but, should this fail, scarification (taking care not to damage the seed embryo) followed by a further 24 hours in warm water should do the trick[80]. Germination is usually good, though the seedlings are very variable. When they are large enough to handle, prick the seedlings out into individual pots and grow them on in the greenhouse for at least their first winter. Plant them out into their permanent positions in late spring or early summer, after the last expected frosts. Consider giving the plants some protection from the cold for their first winter outdoors. Root cuttings, 4cm taken in December. Plant horizontally in individual pots in a warm
Unknown Podded Tree
Unknown tree
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Unknown Podded Tree
Unknown tree
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Unknown Podded Tree
Unknown tree
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Unknown Podded Tree
Unknown tree
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Unknown Podded Tree
Unknown tree
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Unknown Podded Tree
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Unknown Podded Tree
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Unknown Podded Tree
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Unknown Podded Tree
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| Comment:
Goldenrain tree, Koelreuteria paniculata |
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